人权、公民权及其终结:理解马克思的现代史观

Human Rights,Citizenship Rights and Their Ends-Understanding Marx's Conception of Modern History

人权、公民权是理解马克思现代史观的核心线索。近代资产阶级革命催生了人权和公民权,它们的兴起标志着现代史的开端。人权反映了个体在市民社会中的真实存在状况,公民权则反映了个体在政治国家中的虚幻存在状态。在资本主义私有制的条件下,人权和公民权不仅不是实现人类解放的手段,而且本身沦为资产阶级利己主义的工具。只有在彻底废除资本主义私有制的条件下,人权和公民权才会从服务于资产阶级利益的工具转变成人类解放的工具。人的解放使人进入"世界历史"阶段的"类本质"状态。无产阶级是实现这一历史转变的根本政治力量。

Human and citizenship rights are core clues for understanding Marx's conception of modern history.The two rights are forged by modern capitalist revolutions and marked the beginning of modern history.Human rights reflect real conditions of human existence in civil society,while citizenship rights reflect the illusionary conditions of existence in political sphere.Neither is the means for human emancipation under the circumstance of capitalist private ownership.On the contrary,they become the means for realizing capitalist class' interests.Only on the condition of completely abrogating capitalist private ownership can these two rights be transformed into means for enhancing human emancipation which marks the entering of human race itno the era of 'world history',an era of 'human essence'.Proletariat is the fundamental political force for carrying out such a transformation.