渤海早期王城研究中的几个问题

Several Issues in the Studies of Capital City of in the Early Bohai (渤海) Kingdom

以往有关渤海国早期王城遗址的研究,因受当时渤海考古认识水平的局限,存在问题较多。随着考古工作的深入,渤海"旧国"敦化敖东城说不断遭到质疑。《新唐书》的《渤海传》与《地理志》,对渤海王城道里方位的记载各有偏重,所用标准不同,将二者等同对待考证渤海"旧国"位置的思路值得商榷。而且田野考古最新研究成果表明,将渤海早期王城考证在吉林敦化一带,缺乏考古学证据的支持。近年的考古发现,有将渤海前期政治中心指向吉林和龙西古城一带的倾向,但仍需进一步的考古工作证实。只有在确立渤海考古分期编年标尺、明确渤海建国初期的文化特征后,再结合文献记载探讨渤海早期王城遗址及相关问题,才有助于问题的正确解决。

The past studies on the geographical location of the capital in the early Bohai Kingdom have many problems for the limited knowledge on the archaeology. The notion has been suspected that the capital site of the early Bohai was located in Aodong,Dunhua (敦化) city today. TheBohai annals (《渤海传》) and Geographical Chronicle (《地理志》) in New Book of Tang Dynasty(《新唐书》) have different records on the location of Bohai's capital. The newest archaeological research works suggest that the early Bohai's capital located in Duhua (敦化) is unreliable,Jilin Province (吉林) . Recent archaeological discoveries tend to consider the political center of early Bohai Kingdom is around the site of Xigucheng (西古城) in Helong (和龙) ,Jilin Province. However, this hypothesis still needs more archaeological research work to confirm. It is necessary to define the archaeological chronological scale of the Bohai at first, and to make clear of the cultural characteristics of Bohai Kingdom,and then studies the site of early Bohai's capital and the related questions based on the historical documents.