发展无严重事故风险核电站的曙光 具有完全非能动安全冷却系统的压水堆核电站

The Possibility of Building Nuclear Power Plant Free from Severe Accident Risk PWR NPP with advanced all passive safety cooling systems (AAP SCS)

本文提出了用自然力直接触发启动压水堆核电站一整套完全非能动的停堆安全冷却系统。这里的自然力主要是指一回路运行工况转换时由于其压力分布变化所形成的压差力。在这一系统中,当进行停堆或发生某种一回路事故工况时,相应的安全冷却系统便自然地投入运行,立即缓解事故后果,将事故时一回路释放的能量及堆芯余热非能动地排入最终热阱。在全过程中不依靠自动控制系统、能动设备及任何人为因素的介入,即可确保对堆芯余热无限期的安全冷却能力,完全避免压水堆核电站发生向环境泄漏放射性物质的严重事故,排除对核电站周围居民进行事故疏散的必要性,彻底解除公众对核电安全的疑虑。实施本文中提出的压水堆核站完全非能动停堆安全冷却系统,完全立足于采用现有成熟技术,因而在近期内即可应用于无严重事故风险新型第三代压水堆核电站的设计与对现有第二代压水堆核电站的技术改造项目。立足于现有压水堆核电站的运行经验,只要进一步采用完全非能动原则,实现固有安全,排除严重事故风险,那么压水堆核电站在近期内即能够成为电网的主要支柱,为破解全人类所面临的严酷环境问题做出重大贡献。

A complete set of advanced all passive safety cooling systems （AAP SCS） for PWR NPP, actuated by natural force has been put forward in the article. Here the natural force mainly means the fore, which created by change of pressure distribution inthe first loop of PWR as a result of operational regime conversion from one to another, including occurrence of accident situation. Correspondent safety cooling system will be actuated naturally and then put it into passive operation after occurring some kind of accident, so accidental situation will be mitigated right after it＇s occurrence and core residual heat will be naturally moved from the active core to the ultimate heat sink. There is no need to rely on automatic control system, any active equipment and human actions in all working process of the AAP SCS, which can reduce the probability of severe accident to zero, so as to exclude the need of evacuation plan around AAP nuclear power plant and eliminate the public＇s concern and doubt about nuclear power safety. Implementation of the AAP SCS concept is only based on use of evolutionary measures and state-of-the-art technology. So at present time it can be used for design of new-type third generation PWR nuclear power plant without severe accident risk, and for modernization of existing second generation nuclear power plant.