地震后北川教师干预前后心理健康状况的比较

Comparative Study on Beichuan Teachers' Mental Health Status after Earthquake.

目的探讨北川教师灾后心理健康状况的变化情况。方法 2008年随机选取灾后北川教师80名,采用信效度较高的症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行问卷测试和分析,得到有效问卷65份,之后对教师进行长期阶段式心理干预,2011年对同一群体用SCL-90进行干预后测试,剔除中途因调离岗位等各种原因退出的教师,得到有效问卷48份,结果①2008年北川部分教师在各因子上显著高于全国常模(t=7.46～13.75,P<0.001);②2011年北川部分教师躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性等7项因子得分显著高于全国常模(t=4.46,4.25,2.79,4.47,2.57,5.44,3.95;P<0.01),人际关系因子和偏执因子与全国常模相比无显著性差异;③2011年各项因子得分低于2008年,且除焦虑因子外有显著性差异(t=3.73,3.87,4.03,4.55,3.20,3.07,4.53,3.89;P<0.01);④男性在各因子上均有显著性差异(t=2.10～3.41;P<0.05或0.01),女性在焦虑、精神病性、偏执、强迫症状、躯体化、抑郁各因子上有显著性差异(t=2.63,2.55,2.57,2.51,2.32,2.79;P<0.05);⑤2011年各因子阳性项目比例比2008年大幅下降,2008年各因子阳性项目数比例为16.67%～37.5%,2011年各因子阳性项目数比例为0%～12.5%。结论经过3年持续心理援助,北川部分教师心理状况已有明显改善,但离全国成人常模尚有差距,应按照长期援助计划,分层次实施针对性心理援助。

Objective To explore the changes of teachers＇ mental health in Beichuan after the disaster.Methods After the earthquake in 2008,we chose 80 teachers in Beichuan randomly and used the Symptom Checklist 90（SCL-90）whose reliability and validity were high.At that time,we got 65 effective questionnaires.Then we intervened in the teachers＇ psychological in the form of stage for a long time.Because of various reasons such as retirement,some teachers quitted.In 2011,we tested the same group with SCL-90 after the intervention and got 48 effective questionnaires.Results ①In 2008,scores of each item some teachers in Beichuan obtained were significantly higher than the norm of the whole country（t=7.46~13.75,P0.001）.②In 2011,somatization,forced symptoms,depression,anxiety,hostility,terror and psychotic scores of teachers in Beichuan were significantly higher than the norm（t=4.46,4.25,2.79,4.47,2.57,5.44,3.95;P0.01）,and their scores were not different from the norm of the whole country（t=-0.12,2.19;P0.05）in interpersonal relationship and paranoid.③Scores in 2011 were lower than those in 2008,except anxiety,（t=3.73,3.87,4.03,4.55,3.20,3.07,4.53,3.89;P0.01）;④ The same gender both obtained a lower score in 2011 than that in 2008.Male teachers obtained obviously different scores in each item between 2011 and 2008（t=2.10~3.41,P0.05 or 0.01）.For female teachers,there were significant differences in scores of anxiety,psychotic,paranoid,forced symptoms,somatization and depression（t=2.63,2.55,2.57,2.51,2.32,2.79;P0.05）.And the scores in hostile,terror and interpersonal relationship were not different significantly（t=0.81,1.62,1.95）.⑤ Compared to 2008,the proportion of positive project in each item slumped 2011.The proportion of that in 2008 was 16.67%~37.5%,and the proportion of that in 2011was 0%~12.5%.Conclusion After the continued psychological assistance in these 3 years,some teachers in Beichuan have got a great progress in their psychological states.But there is still a gap between their status and the adult norm of the whole country.So we should continue to implement stratified and targeted psychological assistance according to the long-term projects.