沈阳市儿童青少年超重与肥胖现状及与出生体质量的关系

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Shenyang and its relationship with birth weight

目的分析沈阳市7—17岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖的分布情况及其与出生体质量的关系。方法采取整群抽样的方法，从沈阳市随机抽取3个区27所学校的7～17岁儿童及青少年5800例测量身高体质量，并调查出生体质量等一般情况。采用中国肥胖问题工作组正式确定的中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数分类标准（WGOC标准）推荐的儿童青少年超重和肥胖体质量指数分类标准计算超重和肥胖检出率，并比较巨大儿、低出生体质量儿与出生体质量正常的儿童及青少年的超重和肥胖检出率。结果沈阳市7～17岁儿童青少年合并超重及肥胖率为21．13％，肥胖率为7．12％，10～12岁是超重或肥胖的高发年龄段，男性发生超重和肥胖合计的风险是女童的2．01倍。沈阳地区超重及肥胖流行状况为Ⅱ级。出生时为巨大儿的儿童及青少年今后发展为肥胖和超重的概率是正常体质量儿概率的1．73倍（95％CI：1．51—2．87），低出生体质量儿与正常出生体质量儿之间的概率差异无统计学意义。结论沈阳市7～17岁儿童及青少年肥胖的流行状况为Ⅱ级，青春期是儿童及青少年特别是男童超重及肥胖的高发期，出生时为巨大儿者儿童及青少年期发生肥胖的概率大大增加，预防肥胖应从胎儿期抓起。

Objective To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Shenyang and the relationship between the birth weight to overweight and obesity in the childhood aged 7 to 17 years. Methods A stratified cluster representative sample of 5800 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years from 27 schools among 3 regions in Sbenyang was selected. The study was carried out by using questionnaire about birth weight and physical examination including weight and height. Overweight and obesity were defined according to body mass in-dex cutpoint. The body mass index classification criteria recommended by the Chinese Working Group on Obesity for Children（WGOC） was adopted, and the relationship between birth weight and overweight or obesity in children and adolescents were analyzed by collecting the information associated with overweight or obesity. Results The overall com-bined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.13% with obesity as 7.12% based on the WGOC criteria,and chil-dren of 10 to 12 years old were high-risk population groups. The risk of a male becoming overweight or obesity was 2.01 times higher than the risk of a female. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Shenyang were level Ⅱ , especially for males the incidence of overweight and obesity of high birth weight babies was 1.73 （95% CI： 1.51 - 2.87 ） times higher than that of normal birth weight babies, while the incidences of overweight and obesity between low birth weight babies and normal birth weight babies were not statistically different. Conclusions The study indicated that the preva-lence of overweight or obesity children and adolescents are level Ⅱ in Shenyang. There is high risk to be overweight and obesity in adoleseences and especially for males. To decrease overweight and obesity in children and adolescents we should pay greater attention to fetus period.