传统环境管理模式下农村环境污染和破坏的制度因素分析

Analysis on the Institutional Factors on the Pollution and Destruction of Rural Environmental

我国传统环境管理模式以城市和工业为导向,在这种模式下,农村环境保护规划、农村环境保护法律政策几乎空白,而农村地方传统知识对环境保护的作用没有得到应用。农村环境管理"软""硬"约束的缺失,乡镇环保"结构性"和"功能性"空洞的存在,是农村环境污染和破坏无法得到有效遏制的主要原因。农村环境社区治理模式是以农村社区为基本单元,利用村民自治的制度资源,实现政府引导、市场激励、社区自治、农民参与,凝聚各方力量,有效解决农村环境问题。

The traditional environmental management mode in China is oriented by cities and industries. With this mode, related plans, laws and policies on environment protection of the rural areas is almost blank. While traditional knowledge of the rural areas which can work on rural environment protection has not been applied. Without hard constrains （such as plans, laws and policies） and without soft constrains （such as traditional knowledge）, and the existence of structure vacuum in the township level due to the limitation of human resources and financial support, the township government cannot play the role of information bridge, which then results in the low efficiency of rural environmental protection. The severe rural environmental issues make it emergency to set up a proper rural environmental management mode. Rural environmental community governance in rural community as a basic unit, can make use of the system resource, and can condense all strength including governmental guiding, market incentive, community autonomy, farmers participation, to effectively solve environmental problems in rural areas.