烟台浅海区不同养殖系统养殖效果的比较

Comparasion of effeciencies of different culture systems in the shallow sea along Yantai

于 1998年 4月 5日至 6月 2 3日 ,在山东省烟台市四十里湾海区进行了 3种养殖模式养殖效果比较的模拟实验。在该海区岸边建立了栉孔扇贝 (Chlamysfarreri)单养 ,栉孔扇贝和海带 (Laminariajaponica)混养 ,栉孔扇贝、海带和刺参 (Apostichopusjaponicus)混养等 3个系列、9个养殖系统和 1个对照系统(5 .0m× 2 .0m× 1.0m ,日换水量 10 0 % ) ,进行对比实验。定期观测环境和营养盐的变化 ,栉孔扇贝、海带和刺参的存活和生长状况等。初步研究结果表明 ,扇贝单养和贝藻参混养模式栉孔扇贝的生产力分别为 :0 .5 6g/m2 ·d和 0 .78g/m2 ·d ;贝藻参混养模式刺参的生产力为 0 .70g/m2 ·d。单养栉孔扇贝生长速度比贝藻混养和贝藻参混养模式中栉孔扇贝的生长速度要慢 ,贝藻参混养的生态效益和经济效益明显高于扇贝单养和贝藻混养。如不考虑其它滤食性动物的影响 ,从测得的养殖容量可以推算 ,单养和贝藻参混养模式中栉孔扇贝养殖密度可达 2 1个 /m2 和 2 3个 /m2 。贝藻混养和贝藻参混养模式中海带适宜的养殖密度为 0 .6 8棵 /m2 和 0 .71棵 /m2 ,刺参的适宜放养密度为 2 .0个 /m2 。

In this paper, the efficiencies of different culture systems in Sishiliwan Bay, Yantai, China, were comparatively semi-in situ studied from April 5,1998 to June 23,1998. In the experiment, one control and nine culture systems, established (5 m × 2 m ×1 m in volume) near the bay, in which Chlamys farreri, Laminaria japonica, Apostichopus japonicus with different densities were stocked. Water exchanging quantity was 100% per day in each system. The results show that the productivities of C. farreri in monoculture system and in polyculture system of shellfish, seaweed and sea cucumber are 0.56g/m2·d and 0.78g/m2·d respectively, and that of A. japonicus in polyculture system is 74.7 g/m2. The growth rate of C. farreri in monoculture system was slower than that in two kinds of polyculture systems. The efficiency of shellfish, seaweed and sea cucumber polyculture system is better than that of shellfish monoculture and shellfish and seaweed polyculture systems. The optimal scallop stocking densities in monoculture system, and polyculture system of shellfish, seaweed and sea cucumber are 21.0 and 23.0 ind/m2 respectively, and the optimal densities for kelp in polyculture system of shellfish and seaweed, and in the mixed system of shellfish, seaweed, and sea cucumber are 0.68 ind/ m2 and 0.71 ind/ m2 respectively, and that of sea cucumber in polyculture system of shellfish, seaweed and sea cucumber is 2.0 ind/m2.