改革以来中国贫困指数的测度与分析

Measurement and Analysis on China's Poverty Index since Reform and Opening-up

贫困是一个全球性现象,世界各国政府都高度重视解决贫困问题。本文采用拟合收入分布函数的方法计算出改革以来中国城乡以及全国的绝对贫困线、绝对贫困率、相对贫困线、相对贫困率,发现改革以来我国的绝对贫困率快速下降,但目前绝对贫困形势依然不容乐观;相对贫困率则呈现出持续上升的趋势,并与相应的基尼系数变化趋势高度一致;绝对贫困率和相对贫困率的演变过程都与各个时期的经济体制改革进程存在密切的关系。

Poverty is a global problem which has become the high concern of different governments.Based on fitting methods on income distribution functions,we work out the absolute poverty line,absolute poverty rate,relative poverty line and relative poverty rate in urban and rural area of China since the reform and opening-up.We find that our absolute rate has dropped quickly,but the current situation of absolute poverty is far from optimistic.The relative poverty rate presents a constant rising tendency and maintains a high degree of unity with the correspondent changes in Gini Coefficient.The evolution process of absolute and relative poverty rate is closely associated with the progress of the reform of economic system.