技术偏向与中国劳动收入份额的再考察

Biased Technical Change and Labor Income Share in China

本文在厘清劳动收入份额定义的基础上,构建了一个综合考虑技术偏向、垄断利润等因素的生产决策模型,重新考察了转型期中国劳动收入份额的影响与决定机制。结果表明,就单个产业而言,垄断利润率是劳动收入份额短期变动的主要原因,而技术偏向性是决定劳动收入份额长期运行水平的关键因素。中国劳动收入份额长期低位运行的主要原因是占有大量资源的国有企业选择了资本偏向型技术;在二元经济结构的转型背景下,"逆资源禀赋"的技术偏向降低了经济增长的就业吸纳能力,使劳动力工资长期处于低增长状态,进一步恶化了劳动收入份额状况。

Based on sorting out the different definitions of labor income share, this paper establishes a production decision model with consideration of some factors including biased technology and monopoly profits, and reassesses the impact and determination mechanism of labor income share in the transition phase of China. For a single industry, monopoly profits are the main reason of the short time changes in labor income share, and biased technology is the key factor which decides the absolute level of labor income share. The main reason of the low labor income share in China is that SOEs which occupy large resources choose capital-biased technology. In the dual economy, the biased technology which is opposite to the resource endowments will lower the employment absorbing ability of economic growth and make the labor income be in the low growth state for a long time, and deteriorate the labor income share.