海南岛旱季气候变化对冬季瓜菜生产的影响

Climate Change in Dry Season to Winter Vegetables Production in Hainan

冬季瓜菜为海南农业生产的重要组成部分,为服务好冬季瓜菜生产,利用海南省近10年气象数据,进行旱季降水量、气温及日照时数等与冬季瓜菜相关气候特征时行分析,并探讨气候变化对冬季瓜菜生产的影响。结果表明:(1)旱季低温季节(12月～翌年2月)南部气温明显高于中北部地区,15℃以下天气数以西部地区最高,10年间旱季气温相对平稳,仅在2008年初出现了明显低温灾害天气,但近几年南部低温天气有呈小幅上升的趋势;(2)旱季降雨量10年间以东北部地区降雨量最多;南部最少,变化幅度最大,无雨天数最长,2007到2008年出现了严重干旱现象;且降雨量有时空上分布极度不均衡;(3)日照时数以南部地区最高,北部及东北部地区较低,10年间旱季除南部地区日照时数外,其它均在40%以下,2008年以后南部地区在20%以下日照时数的天气数呈逐步上升趋势。因此从近10年的气候变化看,全岛南部冬季瓜菜生产种植适宜度有所降低,西北及东北部地区冬季瓜菜种植适宜度有所提高,全岛冬季瓜菜生产结构需进行适当调整。

Winter vegetables are important in agricultural production in Hainan. The meteorological data of Hainan in the last 10 years were used to provide a good service for the winter vegetables production.The relevant climate characteristics such as dry season precipitation, temperature and sunshine hours were analyzed , and the effect of climate change on winter vegetables production was discussed. The results showed the temperature in the southern was significantly higher than that in the northern and central in the low temperature and dry season from December to February of the next year; the days below 15 ℃ were the longest in the western; the temperature was relatively stable in the dry season, and low temperature disaster weather was appeared only in 2008; The precipitation in the northeastern was the highest in the dry season, and that in the southern was the least with the largest change and the longest days without rain; the sunshine duration in the southern was the highest while that in the northeast and south were the lowerest, From the climate change in the last 10 years, the suitability of winter vegetable production decreased in the south of the Island, and it was improved in the northwest and northeast, so the structure of winter vegetables production needed to be adjusted.