中国区域间隐含污染转移研究

Study on inter-regional transfer of embodied pollution in China

随着世界经济一体化程度不断加深,国际贸易中的隐含资源和隐含污染受到广泛关注,但目前对中国区域间隐含污染转移的研究较为欠缺。本文首先从理论层面对隐含污染转移现象进行剖析,从地理学角度探讨了污染转移的模式;然后,基于区域间投入产出表,构建区域间隐含污染转移的评估模型;选取SO2、COD、固体废弃物及重金属四种典型工业污染物,评估2007年中国各区域本地最终使用中的隐含污染,及区域间隐含污染转移量,揭示我国隐含污染转移的空间特征。研究发现中国整体上是隐含污染的输出地区,国内隐含污染转移主要是从经济欠发达的中西部地区流向城市化率较高、经济发达的东部沿海地区,实际上是东部地区通过区域间贸易将自身的污染排放负担转移到中西部地区。最后基于隐含污染转移格局,对区域污染物减排政策的制定提出了一系列建议。

Embodied resources and pollution in intemational trade have been drawing attention in environmental policies research area in the context of increased level of world economy integration. However, transfer pattern of embodied pollution of China is lack of detailed research. In this study, firstly, phenomena and modes of embodied pollution transfer across regions were analyzed from the geographic perspective. It was suggested that the primary reasons for embodied pollution transfer were regional division of labor and separation of production and consumption locations. Secondly, based on a multi-regional input-output table of 30 provinces of China in 2007, an assessment model was built to assess embodied pollution of regions and that in the trade across regions. Then, four types of industrial pollutants, namely SO2, COD, solid waste and heavy metal were selected as typical pollutants and quantified according to the model, after which the spatial pattern of embodied pollution transfer of China was clarified. The results revealed that China＇s mainland was a net exporter of embodied pollution due to international trade. On the other hand, embodied pollution was transferred from central and western regions to eastern region within domestic trade, while eastern China was much more developed than other regions in economy and urbanization. Actually, the burden of pollution abatement of eastern region was transferred to central and western regions through inter-regional trade. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang were main regions of inputting embodied pollution, while Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Guangxi were main regions of outputting embodied pollution, where the development at the expense of environmental quality would be unsustainable. The spatial pattern of embodied pollution transfer of China, which goes against regional equity, will turn regional economic differences into regional environmental differences in the future. Finally, some suggestions on pollution abatement were made accordingly based on the analysis.