大城市郊区村域转型发展的资源环境效应与优化调控研究——以北京市顺义区北村为例

Village transformation development, resources and environment effects and their optimal regulation in the metropolitan suburbs:The case of Beicun in Shunyi District, Beijing

村域是认识和改造中国农村的窗口,深入开展村域转型发展及其资源环境效应与优化调控研究对于可持续乡村建设具有现实意义。本文首先探讨了村域转型发展及其资源环境效应研究的理论位点,然后以京郊北村为例剖析了大城市郊区典型村域在"种、养、加、旅"四业协调发展过程中的资源环境效应及其优化调控的过程、特征与内在机理。案例研究发现:①改革开放以来北村经历了缓慢发展、逐渐起步和转型升级3个阶段;②北村的转型发展过程中,资源环境效应存在阶段性差异,资源投入从低效率向高效率转变,环境污染从高污染向低污染转变,环境污染指数曲线具有倒"U"型特征;③优化调控过程可分解为问题呈现、观察评估、激发整合、功能赋予、联合行动和系统重构6个环节;④调控目标得以实现的内在机理在于,以干部、能人和合作组织为核心,成功激发了普通村民和驻村企业的内生需求,有效整合了各级政府、技术单位的外部力量,并以优化资源环境要素为共同目标,顺利构建了目标明确、功能明晰、技术可行、效益良好的行动者网络。新时期的乡村建设及资源环境效应调控应着力增强内发响应机制、优化外源干预机制,尤其要注重环保意识、发展能力、社会责任、科技支撑及管控机制的提增、完善和耦合。

Village is definitely the window to understand and transform rural China, especially the main battlefield of solving problems related to farmers, agriculture and rural areas （so called ＂San Nong Wen Ti＂ in Chinese or three rural issues in English） and building new countryside. It is of great theoretical and practical value to carry out studies on the resources and environment effects and their optimal regulation path during the course of village transformation development. This paper aims to explore the theoretical points, evolutionary processes, common features and inner mechanism of village transformation development, resources and environment effects and their optimal regulation in metropolitan suburbs where significant changes have taken place in recent years, based on a systematic case study of Beicun in Beijing＇s suburbs. The main contents and results were summed up as follows： （1） Beicun has experienced three development stages since 1978, namely slow development stage, gradually starting stage and transformation development stage. （2） During the course of village development, the resources and environment effects showed periodic differences. The efficiency of resources utilization changed from low level to high level, environmental pollution from high degree to low degree, and the change trends of environmental pollution index displayed an inverted ＂U＂-shaped curve. （3） The optimal regulation process of resources and environment effects could be divided into six links, namely problematisation, observation and assessment, mobilization, function endowing, joint action and system restructuring. （4） The inner mechanism of achieving the goals of optimal regulation successfully can be concluded as follows： the core actors of local rural development, including cadres, rural elites and corporative organizations, have actively inspired the endogenous demand of ordinary villagers and village-based enterprises, effectively integrated the external powers of government and technical support units, spontaneously taken optimizing resources and environment elements as the common goal, and thus successfully built a well-targeted, functionally distinct and technically feasible actor-networks from which all the actors could benefit. As such, it is suggested that the rural construction and optimal regulation of resource and environment effects in new era should strive to enhance inner response mechanism, optimize outward intervention mechanism, and in particular, pay attention to the upgrading, improvement and coupling of environmental protection awareness, development ability, social responsibility, science and technology support and relative regulation mechanism.