临床护士同情心疲乏的相关因素调查

Survey on related factors of compassion fatigue in clinical nurses

目的探讨临床护士的同情心疲乏状况及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,运用自制的一般资料调查表和职业生活质量量表对644名护士进行问卷调查,一般资料调查包括性别、年龄、婚姻、工龄、人事性质、职称、文化程度、所在科室、本科室工作年限、工作职务10项内容;职业生活质量量表内容包括同情心满足、继发性创伤应激和身心耗竭3个维度30个条目。分别采用单因素和多因素分析影响临床护士同情心疲乏的因素。结果共回收问卷592份,回收率为91.9%;有效问卷566份,有效率95.6%。其中规范化培训护士60人,临床护士506人。对临床护士的调查结果显示,同情心满足、继发性创伤应激和身心耗竭得分分别为(3.15±0.57)、(2.73±0.54)和(2.78±0.55)分。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、婚姻、职称、工龄、本科室工作年限、工作职务组的护士在同情心满足维度上的得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);不同科室和本科室工作年限组的护士在继发性创伤应激维度上的得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄、工龄、所在科室、工作职务组护士在身心耗竭维度上的得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素分析显示,对临床护士同情心满足有显著影响的因素有年龄(t=3.601,P=0.000)、婚姻状况(t=2.225,P=0.027)和工龄(t=-1.980,P=0.048);对继发性创伤应激有显著影响的因素为所在科室(t=-2.821,P=0.005);对身心耗竭影响的因素为年龄(t=-4.289,P=0.000)和本科室工作年限(t=2.649,P=0.008)。结论护士和管理者应从影响护士同情心满足和同情心疲乏的影响因素上着手,采取有效措施,提高护士的身心健康。

Objective To investigate the status of compassion fatigue in clinical nurses, and explore the related factors. Methods Convenience sampling was adopted, and a total of 644 nurses were investigated by self-designed demographic questionnaire and professional quality of life scale. The contents of demographic questionnaire included gender, age, marital status, years of working experience, personnel, professional title, level of education, department of working, years of working in current department and post. Professional quality of life scale consisted of 30 questions in 3 subscales： compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Univariate and multivariate analysis was employed respectively to explore the influencing factors of compassion fatigue in nurses. Results Five hundred and ninety-two questionnaires were recovered, with the response rate of 91.9%, and there were 566 valid questionnaires, with the effective rate of 95.6% . Among the 566 nurses, 60 were nurses with standardized training, and the other 506 were clinical nurses. The survey of 506 clinical nurses revealed that the scores of compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress and burnout were 3.15 ± 0.57, 2.73 ± 0.54 and 2.78 ± 0. 55 respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that there were significant differences in the scores of compassion satisfaction among nurses with different age, marital status, professional title, years of working experience, years of working in current department, and post （ P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈 0. 01）, there were significant differences in the scores of secondary traumatic stress among nurses with different department of working and years of working in current department （P 〈 0. 05）, and there were significant differences in the scores of burnout among nurses with different age, years of working experience, department of working and post （P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈 0.01）. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that factors significantly influencing compassion satisfaction of clinical nurses were age （t = 3. 601, P =0.000）, marital status （t = 2. 225, P = 0.027） and years of working experience t = - 1. 980, P = 0.048）, factor significantly influencing secondary traumatic stress was department of working （t = - 2. 821, P = 0. 005）, and factors significantly influencing burnout were age （ t = - 4. 289, P = 0. 000） and years of working in current department （ t = 2. 649, P = 0. 008）. Conclusion Nurses and nursing managers should pay attention to the influencing factors of compassion fatigue and take measures to improve the physical and psychological health of nurses.