中国稀有稻类贵州禾的广亲和性测定及评价

Compatibility and Evaluation of Guizhou HE, a Rare Rice Germplasm Resource in China, Collected in Guizhou

中国稀有稻类贵州禾是贵州侗族人民在其居住的独特生态条件下经长期自然选择和人工选择所形成的一类耐阴、耐冷性极强的稻种 ,利用陈氏分类法鉴定大多数品种为粳型稻。用典型的贵州禾品种分别与籼型半矮生品种、三系不育系、两系不育系杂交 ,调查其杂种 F1的秆高、每穗颖花数、实粒数、结实率等 ,分别计算其超亲优势、竞争优势和可利用的生殖竞争优势。结果表明 :(1)贵州禾对三系不育系没有直接的恢复基因 ;(2 )贵州禾对籼型半矮生品种、两系不育系具有亲和力 ,其大小因品种不同则强度不一样 ;(3)贵州禾所具有的广亲和基因易与三系的强恢复基因聚合 ;(4 )贵州禾与各类型水稻杂交 ,其后代表现为株叶型好、分蘖力强、株高适中、熟期适宜 ,个别禾品种对籼型水稻材料还具有一定的亲和力 ,且具穗大、粒多、粒大的正效应 ,这对克服亚种间杂交水稻 F1所遇到的株高超双亲、株型差、叶披散。

Guizhou HE (Oryza sativa L.), a kind of rare rice germplasm resources in China, is regarded as a special ecotype of rice. Most of it belongs to japonica rice according to identification by means of Chen's classifying system on rice, formed with a course of long evaluation and artificial selection by the people of Dong nationality in China under the natural environment of foggy and humid mountainous district in southeastern Guizhou. Expressions of main traits including plant height, number of glumous flowers per spike, number of filled grains per spike and setting rate of combinations between typical varieties of HE and semidwarf ones of indica rice CMS (cytoplasm male sterile) lines, as well as DGMS (dualpurpose genertic male sterile) lines were investigated and estimated on its heterosis in F 1. The following primary results were revealed that: (1) HE varieties collected in Guizhou hardly had restoring ability to CMS; (2) Most of HE varieties were compatible to both semidwarf indica rice and DGMS lines in some way, but their compatibility varied with varieties or lines tested; (3)Wide compatible genes in Guizhou HE were easily accumulated with restoring ones from CMS lines; (4) Generations derived from crosses between HE and other rice varieties expressed good plant type, strong tilling ability, suitable plant height and maturity period, a few of HE varieties had compatibility to some of indica rice and indicated positive effects in spikes and grains .Thus it may be helpful to overcome difficulties existing generally (i.e.superior to parents in plant height, poor plant type,seldom fertility of low setting rate etc .) in F 1 hybrid between indica and japonica rice and to improve their characters in breeding of hybrid rice.