缓解贫困代际传递的低保家庭子女补贴制度设计

The System Design of the Child Allowances to Ease Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty of the Urban Poor Families

我国城市低保家庭的贫困代际传递问题引起众多关注,各国为缓解贫困代际传递,有着诸多的制度实践,其中国外的子女津贴制度尤其值得重视。通过阐述国外子女津贴制度的类型,分析国外子女津贴制度对我国的借鉴意义,在其基础上可提出我国子女补贴制度的制度设计框架。贫困家庭子女补贴制度需遵循选择性、政府主导以及基础综合与分类补贴的原则,根据贫困家庭的基本生活需要确定基本补贴金与临时补贴金,采用现金补贴与实物补贴相结合的方式,按照分类管理与个案管理的管理方式,结合综合性的目标定位方法,实行分层决策、分级管理模式;资金筹集仍然是以政府提供和政府拨款为主导,设立统一的城市低保家庭子女补贴金专用账户。此种制度设计,将使为贫困家庭子女进行补贴的措施制度化,成为缓解城市低保家庭贫困代际传递的政策体系中的重要一环。

China＇ s Urban Poor Families Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty caused great con- cern. Many coutries have a lot of practice to ease the intergenerational transmission of poverty. The chil- dren＇s allowance system is particularly noteworthy. By discussing the types of the child allowance of the foreign countries, analyzing the significance of foreign children＇ s allowance system to China, we can dis- cuss the design framework of the child allowances in China. The article believes that the system should be followed the principles of the selectivity, government-leading and the basic-comprehensive and classifica- tion-subsidies. The basic subsidy payments and the temporary subsidy payments is determined according to the basic life need of the poor families. In the system, the cash subsidies and in-kind subsidies are combined. With the classification management and case management, with the comprehensive targeting method, with the hierarchical decision and management model, the funds are provided from the govern- ment, while establishing the dedicated account of the child allowances. This kind of system design can make the child allowance institutionalized, and may be an important part of the policy to ease the Urban Poor Families Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty.