关于机械零部件吊装中吊耳的设计

Design of Mechanical Parts of Lifting Lug

在机械零部件吊装过程中,吊装吊耳的设计、计算、强度校核以及形式的选择是非常重要的。在传统的机械零部件吊装中,吊耳的制作、选择并没有明确的理论设计依据,也大都没有经过严谨的计算,经常只是凭借吊装经验来制作吊耳;这样常常会出现大吊耳吊装小型机械零部件的现象,一定程度上造成了极大的人力、物力等方面的资源浪费,同时未经过严格计算的吊耳也会给机械零部件吊装带来无法预计的安全隐患。因此,通过科学的计算方法来设计机械零部件吊装中的吊耳形式是保证机械零部件生产过程安全可靠的重要条件。由于吊耳与机械零部件母材连接的焊缝相对较短,短距离内多次重复焊接又会造成焊接处线能量过大,从而使吊耳发生突变性脆断的可能性大大增加,因此吊耳与母材连接处焊缝的形式以及强度的计算对整个吊装过程同样起到决定性作用。

Lifting lug design, calculation, tant at the lifting process of mechanical parts. In the strength checking as well as the choice of torm are very lmpor-the traditional mechanical parts liftings, there is no clear theoreti-cal designing basis on production and selection of lifting lug, and, most of them are without precise calculation, u-sually, just rely on lifting experience to make lifting lug. This often poses a phenomenon, which is big lifting lugs matching small mechanical parts, causing a great waste of labor and material resources in a certain extent. At the same time, the lifting lugs without strict calculation also can give mechanical parts lifting unexpected safe trouble. Therefore, through the scientific calculated method to design mechanical parts of the lifting lug form is a most im-portant condition which guarantees the safety and reliability on the procession of producing the mechanical parts. Because the connecting weld between the lifting lug and parent metal of mechanical parts is relatively short, repeat-ed welding within short distances will cause the welding spot to be too much welding heat input. Therefore, the pos-sibility about happening mutably brittle fracture of lifting lug greatly increases, which means the lifting lug and the form of welding on parent metal and calculation on strength also play a decisive role on the procession of lifting.