从比较法的视角看中国遗嘱执行人制度的构建

The System Making of Executor in China from the Perspective of Comparative Law

在遗嘱继承领域,与遗嘱执行相关,英美法系有遗嘱执行人和受托人的区别。大陆法系国家则情况各异。德国在传统法的基础上发展了独特的"遗嘱执行人"制度,基本实现了英美遗嘱执行人和受托人的功能;日本虽然制定了遗嘱执行人和遗嘱受托人制度,但实践中是遗嘱执行人制度在发挥主要作用。中国的《继承法》和《信托法》对相关制度的规定过于简单,在实践中常无法操作。结合中国法律发展的现状和未来发展趋势,在对《继承法》进行修改时,应对遗嘱执行人制度作出明确且合理的规定。

In the field of testamentary succession, there are executors and trustees in the British and A-merican law system, and there is a unique ＂executor＂ system on the basis of traditional law in Germany and in Japan in which executor plays a more important role. However, China＇ s Succession Law and Trust Law are too simple to execute in practice. According to China＇ s reality and future development, the sys-tem of executor should be made clearly and properly when Succession Law is amended.