技能溢价源于技术进步偏向性吗?

Does Skill Premium Derive from Biased Technical Change?

内生经济增长理论向来关注技术进步对经济增长的贡献,但现代研究却普遍忽视技术进步对异质性要素发展可能产生的偏向性影响,特别是技术进步能否呈现技能偏向性并引致不同类型劳动者报酬分化问题。本文利用双层嵌套型CES生产函数和非线性似不相关方法估计中国技能溢价水平,研究发现我国资本和劳动替代弹性小于1而技能和非技能劳动替代弹性大于1,技术进步偏向性及技能和非技能劳动的替代效应明显,利用技术进步偏向性模型模拟的数据与真实值无明显差异,印证技能溢价源于偏向型技术进步且偏向性效应不断强化。同时,回归方法检验结果也发现,技术进步偏向性对技能溢价正向效应显著,验证出我国技能溢价现象主要源于技术进步偏向性作用的结果。

Endogenous economic growth theory has always been concerned about the contribution of technological change to the economic growth. But modern research has generally ignored the impact of the biased effect of technical change on factors, particularly whether technological change is skill biased and lead to different types of workers compensation differentiation. In this paper, two level CES function and standardization system nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression are utilized to estimate skill premium in China. It shows that the substitution elasticity of capital and labor in China is less than one, but the substitution elasticity of skilled labor and unskilled labor stays more than one, which means technological change appears biased and the substitution effect of skilled and unskilled labor is obvious. There is no significant difference between the real situation and the one estimated by technological change biased model, which confirms skill premium is the result of skill-biased technological change. And the biased effect is increasing. Meanwhile, the regression test results also find that skill-biased technological change has a significant positive effect on the skill premium, which proves that the skill premium is mainly caused by skill-biased technological change in China.