夏果型树莓和黑莓品种需冷量及药剂打破休眠效果的研究

Study on Chilling Requirement of Floricane Raspberry and Blackberry Cultivars and Artificial Methods of Breaking Dormancy

以11个夏果型树莓(Rubusidaeus L.)和黑莓(Rubusidaeus L.)品种穗条为试材,进行人工低温(5℃恒温)处理,采用0～7.2℃模型估算芽萌发的需冷量,为保护地栽培适时进棚提供参考依据;以不同浓度GA3和H2NCN处理2个夏果型树莓品种的穗条,探索人工破眠的技术。结果表明:需冷量因品种、生态环境、休眠期温度及穗条本身发育情况不同表现各异,各试材需冷量从低于672h到1344h不等。其中最低的是Bristol和Shawnee,均小于672h,最高的是Reveille,为1344h,其余的居中。使用化学药剂打破树莓的休眠是有效的,但破眠效果因浓度和品种而异:GA3对‘夏17号’的有效浓度范围较广;而H2NCN处理只有0.1%和0.3%对‘夏17号’效果良好,超过0.5%效果下降甚至发生毒害。各浓度药剂处理对‘夏19号’破眠效果不明显。

0-7.2℃ model was used as estimation of the chilling requirement （CR） for bud of 11 floricane raspberry （Rubus idaeus L.） and blackberry （Rubus idaeus L.） cultivars in order to provide references for protected cultivation. These 11 cultivars were treated in 5℃ constant temperature cold storage. At the same time, the author studied techniques of chemical dormancy breaking on other 2 floricane raspberry cultivars. The results showed that： the chilling requirement of different raspberries and blackberries were significantly different as variety, ecological environment, temperature during dormancy stage and development situations of floricane varied. The CR data changed from less than 672 h to 1344 h. Among the 11 raspberry and blackberry cultivars, those with low chilling requirement （less than 672 h） were Bristol and Shawnee, those with high chilling requirement （1344 h） was Reveille, and the rest were between them. The different concentration had different effects in breaking different bud dormancy of raspberry cultivars. The range of effective concentration of GA3 treatment on ＇Xia 17＇ was wide; while H2NCN treatment behaved well just as 0.1% and 0.3% treatment, and it would become worse, or even poisoned, when more than 0.5%. However, the effects of all these treatments on ＇Xia 19＇ were not so obvious compared with control check.