中国城市职住均衡实证分析与关键对策

Urban Job-Housing Balance in China:Empirical Analysis and Countermeasures

居住与就业岗位、居住区生活设施配套以及公共设施的空间配置决定了城市居民出行总量和出行距离,即职住均衡是缓解城市交通拥堵的源头管理措施。首先提出职住混合度、职住均衡度两个评价指标及其计算方法,并对辽阳市和齐齐哈尔市两个案例城市进行量化分析;结果表明,城市职住分布对居民出行距离有显著影响,相似的城市规模下,职住均衡良好的城市居民平均出行距离较短。在此基础上,分析职住均衡的主要影响因素及其影响规律,并阐述了生态城市单元与职住均衡的关系。最后,提出促进职住均衡面临的主要问题和关键对策。

Because the spatial distributions of residential areas,employment,and service and public facilities determine total urban travel demand and trip distance,it is important to promote the balanced land use development for job-housing to relieve urban traffic congestion.Two measurement indices,mixed land use and commuting travel distance,are proposed by this paper to evaluate the degree of job-housing balance.Taking Liaoyang and Qiqihaer as two application case studies,the paper presents an evaluation method for job-housing balance.The results show that the distribution of residential area and employment has a great impact on residents’travel distance,and average travel distance is relatively short in cities with better job-housing balance.Then the paper discusses the main influential factors and the relationship between eco-city unit and job-housing balance.Finally,the paper discusses the potential problems in promoting balanced job-housing development and corresponding countermeasures.