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先天性纯红细胞性再生障碍性贫血39例临床特点分析

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摘要 目的总结先天性纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血(DBA)的临床特点及治疗方法,为治疗提供选择。方法分析1986-01/2013-03住院的39例先天性纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血的病例资料,总结其发病年龄、临床特征、血液学及骨髓检查结果、治疗及疗效,并结合文献分析先天性纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血的病因与发病机制。结果 (1)血常规:全部39例呈现重度以上贫血,其中28例(71.8%)极重度贫血。7例(17.9%)为正细胞性贫血,32例(82.1%)为大细胞性贫血。网织红细胞均显著减少,25例为0%,其余14例<0.2%,白细胞和血小板正常。(2)骨髓象:选择性红系增生抑制,18例(46.2%)均在5%以下,21例(53.8%)为0%。(3)血液生化:所有病例的红细胞生成素、维生素B12和叶酸水平均明显增高。染色体核型检查均为正常。胎儿血红蛋白(HbF)检查29例,15例(51.7%)增高。(4)治疗反应及随访:所有病例初始接受肾上腺糖皮质激素治疗至少3个月。Hb上升到≥100g/L时,开始逐渐减量,维持2~3个月使血红蛋白稳定在90~100g/L,然后根据Hb水平缓慢减量至停药。随访34例(87.2%),随访时间6~34个月。18例治疗3个月,Hb上升到110g/L;4例不规则治疗13个月,Hb维持在60~70g/L,12例激素治疗无效后予环孢素A,4例有效;8例依赖间断输血。结论早发性重度(出生6个月内)贫血是DBA的早期确认线索;临床特征、血象及骨髓象确诊DBA;糖皮质激素治疗多数效果良好,但部分停药复发,需要小剂量维持,激素治疗无效者进行造血干细胞移植治疗。
出处 《中国中西医结合儿科学》 2013年第3期193-195,共3页 Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine
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