罗贯中改塑历史原型人物林冲性格的成功经验及引发出的美学问题

On the Successful Experience of Reshaping of Historical Prototype——Lin Chong's Character by Luo Guanzhong And Caused a Aesthetics Problem

《水浒传》第二作者罗贯中把林冲历史原型人物的粗犷性格改塑成一个以平和、沉稳为性格基调的人物,通过其人生命运,揭示出了"乱自上作"的主旨,概括出了"官逼民反"的社会性口号,作品的思想和认识价值大大提升,显示出其善于由平凡出新奇的艺术创新能力。罗贯中对林冲性格的改塑,其视角不仅限于从社会和民族心理着眼,还包含映衬对比的艺术构思在内。或许是将前辈对林冲外貌定型化的描写奉为不应打破的成规,罗贯中只是改塑了林冲的性格基调,却仍保留了"豹头环眼,燕颔虎须"的外貌,结果就出现了细人粗貌背离的现象。林冲的性格由罗贯中的率先改塑,到李开先重塑为形神统一的形象,以及在历代的艺术实践中不断丰富,以细人细貌为特征的林冲形象已经完全定型化。在几百年的历程中,作家和读者、观众都是林冲性格、形象改塑的创造者和促进者,因而林冲在《水浒传》之后的文艺作品中形神统一的形象是一种群众性、历史性的审美选择。

Luo Guanzhong,the second author of Shuihuzhuan has changed the straightforward personality of Lin Chong（historical prototype） ＇s character into a peaceful and composed personality as the tone of the character,through his fate,reveals ＂ A mess begins from the upper class＂,outlines the social slogans of ＂ Misgovernment drives the people to revolt＂,the thought and cognition value of the works is greatly ascend,shows his art innovation ability of being good at creating the novel out of the ordinary.The reshaping of Lin Chong ＇s character by Luo Guanzhong and its perspective is not limited to the social and national psychology,also including the artistic conception of comparison and contrast.Perhaps predecessors take the standard description of Lin Chong＇s appearance as the rules should not break,Luo Guanzhong has reshaped the tone of Lin＇s character,but still retaines the appearance of leopard-head and ring shaped-eyes,and swallow-chin and tiger-whiskers,the result is coming out the deviating phenomenon that a fine person with a rough appearance.Lin＇s personality was first reshaped by Luo Guanzhong,to Li Kaixian reshaping for the image of unity between the body and the spirit,and constantly enrich in the generations of art practice,characterized by fine people fine appearance was Lin Chong＇s image has a standard completely.In hundreds of years of history,the writer,the reader and the audience was creators and facilitators of reshaping of Lin Chong＇s character and image,so Lin Chong＇s image of unity between the body and the spirit,after Shuihuzhuan in literary works,is an aesthetic choice of a mass and history.