蒙古口蘑生物学特性研究

Biological characteristics of Tricholoma mongolium

蒙古口蘑是珍贵食、药用真菌,近年来由于过度采集等原因造成其生境受到破坏,产量不断下降。本实验采用平板测试法测定蒙古口蘑的生物学特性,并筛选适合的固体扩繁培养基质,旨为蒙古口蘑的驯化栽培提供依据。结果表明:适合菌株生长的碳源有蔗糖、蜂蜜、淀粉和麦芽糖;最适宜的氮源为牛肉膏;菌丝生长的最适C/N为10∶1;在5～30℃菌丝均可生长,随温度升高,生长速度加快,在30℃时达到最大;固体扩繁基质的选择上,蒙古口蘑在草炭78%+麦麸20%的基质上生长较好,培养60 d后还出现了子实体原基。

Tricholoma mongolicum is a kind of precious fungus, which can be used as food and medicine. Recently, due to overexploit, the habitat of Tricholoma mongolicum was destroyed and the yield was descending. In order to providing useful information for cultiva- don, the biological characteristics of Trieholoma mongolicum were tested and the most suitable solid medium was screened. The results in- dicated that suitable carbon included sucrose, honey, starch and maltose; the optimum nitrogen was beef exlract; the optimum C/N was 1 O： 1; in the range of 5 to 30 ℃, the mycelium growth increased with the ternperattLre raising; Tricholoma mongolicum grew better in medium composed of peat 78% ＋ wheat bran 20% than other solid media, and got primordium after 60 days.