新型H7N9流感防控中的公共卫生问题与应对对策

Prevention and control of the novel H7N9 influenza in 2013: public health issue and coping strategies

2013年3月,在中国境内报道了首例因感染新型甲型H7N9流感病毒而致死的病例。除了病毒基因重组、重要氨基酸位点变异等病毒进化生物因素外,还存在影响人感染新型甲型H7N9流感的社会因素。目前中国尚存在活禽养殖过程不规范、交易市场管理混乱、从业人员卫生意识薄弱、居民自我防护措施不足等问题。这些因素通过增加人与生禽密切接触机会而促进流感病毒传播,增加人患禽流感的危险性。针对上述情况,在今后的流感防控工作中,应加强农、林、医等多部门联动机制的建设,进行高效的防控与监测;通过健康教育来提高居民的健康保护意识及风险意识。同时应该根据禽流感病毒进化监测数据加快科学研发流感疫苗进程。基于社会影响因素开展公共卫生预防应是今后降低人感染禽流感发生率的重要措施。

In March 2013, death caused by infection with the novel H7N9 avian influenza virus was firstly reported in China. In addition to the viral evolution factors such as gene recombination and variation in key amino acid sites, social factors also contribute to human infection of the deadly virus. By now China still needs a standardized poultry breeding process, an orderly poultry trade market, a strong health awareness among poultry-related workers, and a strong self-protection awareness among all citizens. Social factors may increase the chance of influenza virus transmission from birds to humans via increasing close contact. Therefore, a close joint effort of related government departments, including the agriculture, forestry, and medication, is needed for effective control and surveillance of HTN9 epidemic. The health protection and risk awareness should be upgraded among the citizens through health education. Meanwhile, research and development of influenza vaccine should be accelerated based on the surveillance data of the influenza virus evolution. Public health prophylaxis based on social influencing factors should be important in reducing the incidence of avian flu infection in human.