黑鹳在灵丘越冬的气候条件分析

Black stork Lingqiu winter weather conditions analysis Climatic Condition Analysis of Black Stork Wintering in Linqiu

黑鹳被列为国家1级重点保护动物，近年来数量不断减少。山西省灵丘县具有独特的生态环境，历史上就是黑鹳的主要栖息繁殖地之一。但黑鹳作为侯鸟，往年冬季要飞离灵丘，到遥远的南方去寻食避冬，近年来冬季却在灵丘留守。灵丘近50年气温呈上升趋势，线性变化约为每10年升0．24℃，呈非连续性的增温趋势，20世纪90年代较60年代上升约1．0℃；灵丘近50年年降水量呈下降趋势，线性趋势变化率为每年下降10．9mm。通过分析认为，灵丘县冬季平均气温和冬季平均最低气温近些年都呈现逐渐升高的趋势；冬季降雪少，积雪深度浅，泉水不封冻，为微生物的生存提供了极好的气候条件，而蒸发量、日照减少，说明保护区植被良好，为黑鹳生存提供了天然的环境，黑鹳可以在此安然过冬，而不必为了“糊口”远涉千里去南方了。

The black stork is listed as a national key protected animals and its number is declining. Lingqiu county in Shanxi Province is the main habitat of the black stork in history. The temperature in Lingqiu county has an upward trend in recent 50 years. The linear change is about 0.24℃ every 10 years and it is non-continuity. The temperature in 1990s was an increase of about 1.0℃ over in 1960s. The precipitation in Lingqiu county has a downward trend in recent 50 years. The linear change rate is about annual 10.9mm. By analysis, the winter average temperature and minimum temperature in Lingqiu county have shown a trend of gradually increased. It provided a natural environment for the survival of the black stork.