《瓦尔登湖》对美国超验主义思想的继承和超越

Walden,the Heredity and Surpass to the Transcendentalism

19世纪美国的超验主义理论崇尚直觉,强调自然界是神对人的启示,人可以从自然界认识真理,达到精神和道德的完善统一。梭罗把超验主义的原则作为自己的哲学理念付诸实践行动。《瓦尔登湖》以梭罗两年多的亲身经历为主要内容,宣传大自然的美好,批判工业文明的消极影响,呼吁人们回归自然,找寻生活的意义,丰富人类的精神世界。他的主张最终突破了超验主义思想的局限,开启了美国自然文学和生态文学的先河。书中对于大自然的热爱,对简朴生活的向往,以及生态保护、人与自然和谐相处的理想与实践影响着一代又一代人。

The Transcendentalism stressed intuition, emphasis on nature was the enlightenment to human from God, man can know the truth by himself and get unification between spirit and morality. Thoreau made the rules to his guide line of exercise. Walden is Thoreau＇s masterpiece and the content is his experience in the woods on the shore of Walden Pond for more than two years. He admired the beauty of nature, criticized the negative influence of the Industrialization, calling for people back to nature to find meaning of the life and rich spirit world. The influence of this book is not only in the Transcendentalism but also in the natural literature and ecological literature. The love to the nature, simple life in the woods, harmonious relationship between the nature and human being＇s lives, these thoughts affect many people all over the word from generation to generation.