历史追思:从“博洛尼亚”到“威斯康星”——基于“需要”而生的大学

The Memory and Thinking of History:From Bologna to Wisconsin——Universities Created out of“Need”

文章通过追溯从"博洛尼亚"到"威斯康星"时段大学产生与发展的历史,反思"需要"作为阐释大学产生、发展、壮大的依据与原因,认真参考国内外相关人士的观点,并结合马斯洛的"需要层次理论",提出"需要"不仅是高等教育产生的原动力,也是高等教育发展规律研究的焦点。同时指出"需要"并非抽象虚幻的,而是具体的、连续的,并有其发展的过程和规律。

By tracing the history of the university from ＂ Bologna＂ to ＂Wisconsin＂, the base and reason for the beginning and development of the university are discussed. Considering the analysis and the related theories of the scholars, domestically and abroad, it is argued that ＂need＂ ,Maslow＇ s hierarchy of needs,is not only the original drive of the beginning of higher education but also the research focus concerning the development law of higher education. It is pointed out that ＂need＂ is not the abstract fancy but concrete and continuous. It has its own process and law of development.