自然和自然观——兼论哲理,数理和物理——认识论逐级发展的三个层次

Nature and view of nature——Also on the philosophical theory,mathematical theory and physical theory, the three levels of the epistemological stepwise development

目的揭示认识论中不同认识层次的哲理,数理和物理之间的正确关系。指出把作为认识论基础的哲学(理)看成是"对自然知识与社会知识的概括与总结"(《现代汉语词典》,等)的观点是完全错误的。方法以认识发展史为基础,利用历史的,分析与综合的,演绎与归纳的,逻辑与历史相统一的方法进行了论述。结果哲理是自然观形成的初级阶段。数理是自然观发展中思维成熟阶段,数理是认识论的中级层次。数理对思维过程的应用形成数理逻辑。数理应用于自然过程就发展为物理。因此,物理是认识论的最高层次。结论认识论的哲理,数理,物理这3个层次并不是在时序上分阶段建立的。它们在历史过程中,随着人类认识能力的提高,是互相影响,互相关联着发展的,从而形成了三位一体的螺旋上升的发展模式。

Objective-To real the correct relationship between philosophical theory, mathematical theory and physical theory of the different cognitive levels of Epistemology, and to point out that it is completely wrong to consider the point of view of the philosophy of epistemological basis as ＂generali- zation and summary of natural knowledge and social knowledge＂ （taking ＂Modern Chinese Dictionary ＂for example. ）. Methods--On the basis of the development history of cognition, the abovementioned objective is discussed with historical, analytical and comprehensive, deductive and deductive methods as well as the integration of logic and history. Results Philosophy is the initial stage in the course of formation of view of nature. Mathematics, an intermediate level of epistemology is the stage where thinking matures in the development of view of nature. The application of mathematics to thinking process forms mathematical logic and the application of mathematics to natural process develops into physics. Therefore, physics is the highest level of epistemology. Conclusion-The philosophy, mathe-matics and physics, three levels of epistemology, are not established by stages in the time sequence. They influence each other with the improvement of human cognition in the process of history, and as-sociate with each other＇s development. Thus a trinity of spiral development model is formed.