吉田茂主义与日本战后初期外交政策之分析

An Analysis of Yoshida Doctrine and Early Postwar Japan's Diplomatic Strategy

本文以日本战后的外交策略即旧金山和约为中心,以日本战后人望颇高的吉田茂首相的睿智及决断为分析视角,探求作为二战战败国的日本于美国旧金山和约签订过程中的高明决断策略。在东西两大阵营不能同时兼顾的日本,如何能保证自身利益的最大化?如何不被国际社会孤立?如何能使日本在战后的废墟中重新崛起?这些应是日本对外交往的首要命题。因此,我们通过分析当时身肩日本首相兼外交大臣双重身份的吉田茂是如何利用自己的智慧和决断为战后的日本外交及经济发展开拓了一条务实而且可行的坦荡通途,而正是吉田茂主义的实施使日本做到了短时间内迅速崛起,因此,我们如能正确地认识务实的吉田茂主义,将会对我国对外关系起到积极的借鉴意义。这也是本论文阐述的目的之所在。

Focusing on postwar Japan＇ s diplomatic strategy, San Francisco Peace Treaty in particular, and analyzing the wits and decisiveness of well-respected postwar Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru, this paper explores the strategic wisdom in decision making on the part of Japan as the defeated in the signing of the Treaty. Unable to gain from both camps of the East and West, how can Japan ensure itself maximal self-interest, avoid isolation by the international community, and rise up again from the postwar ruins？ Those should be primary concerns for Japan in its foreign relations. This paper attempts to address how Yoshida Shigeru, in the capacity of both prime minister and diplomatic minister, blazed a pragmatic and feasible trail for Japan＇ s foreign affairs and economic development through his decisiveness and wisdom. It concludes that it is the implemen- tation of Yoshida Doctrine that enabled Japan＇ s rapid rise within a short span of time. A proper understanding, therefore, of the pragmatic Yoshida Doctrine may provide inspiration for China＇ s relations with other countries.