无锡市锡山区职业卫生现况调查分析

Occupational health status in Xishan District of Wuxi City

目的调查2009—2011年无锡市锡山区职业卫生现状,提出相应的职业卫生管理对策。方法以调查表和信息系统抽样调查相结合的方式对不同行业进行调查。结果全区职业危害单位主要集中在化工、纺织和机械行业;大中型企业职业卫生管理措施较好,但小型企业较差。超标率:物理因素为27.37%,生产性粉尘为23.58%,化学毒物为3.21%。机械行业(33.33%)和建材行业(66.67%)生产性粉尘点超标率较高,纺织行业(40.40%)、机械行业(33.71%)、交通行业(30.50%)和轻工行业(33.09%)噪声点超标率较高。职业病危害因素中矽尘(78.26%)、一氧化氮(33.33%)、噪声(27.57%)和碳黑尘(25.00%)点超标率较高,其中矽尘超标最严重。2009—2011年,检出疑似职业病46人,确诊职业病112人,以机械行业职业病检出最多(82.14%),锡山区职业病类型以尘肺病为主(75%)。结论锡山区总体职业卫生状况仍存在较大问题,应加强重点行业的监管,加强职业病的监测和预警。

[ Objective ] To investigate the current situation of the occupational health in Xishan District of Wuxi City, and put for-ward a corresponding strategy for the management of occupational health. [ Methods] A combined method with the questionnaire and sampling survey of the information system was adopted to investigate different industries. [ Results ] The occupational hazard units mainly existed in the chemical industry, textile and machinery industry of this district. The managerial actions of occupational health in the large and medium sized enterprises were preferable to others, but the small enterprises were a little worse; the over standard rate of the physical factors was 27.37%, that of the productive dust and the chemical poisons was 23.58% and 3.21%, respectively; the over standard rate of the productive dust in machinery industry （33.33% ） and building materials industry （66. 67% ） was a little higher; the over standard rate of noise in textile industry（40.40% ） , machinery industry （33.71%） , traffic industry （30.50%） and light industry （33.09% ） was a little higher. The over standard of silica dust（78.26% ） , nitric oxide （33.33%）, noise（27.57% ）, and carbon black dust（25.00% ） in occupational hazard factors was a little higher, and the silica dust was the most serious. From 2009 to 2011,46 people were detected suspected occupational diseases, and 112 were confirmed occupational diseases, while the occupational diseases detected in machinery （82.14%） were the most; the main occupational disease types in Xishan District were the pneumoconiosis （75%）. [ Conclusion]The overall conditions of occupational health in Xishan District still have a larger problem. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision over the key industries, and strengthen the monitoring and early warning of occupational diseases.