蜡样芽胞杆菌实验室诊断技术进展

Progress on laboratory diagnostic technology for Bacillus cereus

蜡样芽胞杆菌广泛分布于自然界及食品中,并可在其中生长繁殖,引起人类食物中毒。引起的食物中毒有两型,一类由不耐热肠毒素引起的腹泻型,临床表现为腹痛、腹泻和里急后重,与产气荚膜梭菌引起的食物中毒相似;另一类由耐热肠毒素引起的呕吐型,临床表现为恶心、呕吐,似葡萄球菌食物中毒。临床上不容易区别,须通过实验室检测确证,蜡样芽胞杆菌分离培养及鉴定耗时,操作繁琐。近年来出现的新型免疫学方法和聚合酶链反应具有较高的敏感性和特异性,作者将蜡样芽胞杆菌实验室诊断检测技术进展进行综述。

Bacillus cereu, which are widely distributed in nature, can grow in foods and cause food poisoning. The are two types of food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereu, one is the diarrhea type induced by heat labile enterotoxin, the clinical manifestations in- clude abdominalgia, diarrhea and tenesmus, which is similar to food poisoning caused by Clostridium perfringens, other is the vomiting type induced by heat stable enterotoxin, the clinical manifestations include nausea and vomiting, which is similar to food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus. It is difficult to distinguish these two types in clinic, which need to be confirmed by laboratory test. The isolation, culture and identification of Bacillus cereu need a long time, with complicated operation. In the recent years, the new immunological methods and polymerase chain reaction have high sensitivity and specificity. The author reviews the progress on laboratory diagnostic technology for Bacillus cereus.