植物病毒表达载体研究进展

Development of Plant Virus-based Gene Vector for Expression of Foreign Proteins in Plants

利用DNA或RNA植物病毒作载体表达外源蛋白是近几年发展较快的一种新的遗传转化方式 ,它具有以下几个优点 :表达量大 ,表达速度快 ,易于进行基因操作和接种以及适用对象广泛。已发展的四种载体构建策略包括 :基因取代 ,基因插入 ,融合抗原和基因互补。植物病毒表达载体可以用于基因的重组、病毒的移动和基因功能的检测等基础性研究 ,也可用于商业上表达多种药用蛋白或疫苗。植物病毒表达载体的稳定性主要取决于存在同源序列而引起的基因重组。本文还对病毒载体的生物安全性进行了讨论。

The plant viruses have been genetically manipulated into various gene expression vectors which provide attractive tools for genetic transformation for expression of foreign proteins in plants.The advantages of plant viruses as autonomously replicating gene expression vectors include convenient engineering,rapid and high level of expression as well as flexibility for wide application in various plant species,when compared with transgenic plants.The strategies that have been investigated for foreign gene expression in various virus based vectors include gene replacement,gene insertion,epitope presentation and gene complementation.The plant vira vectors have not only been used in fundamental research such as movement of virus in plants,rearrangement and phenotype effects of gene,but also in commercial purpose to produce large amounts of valuable vaccines and medical proteins.The instability of virus vectors is mainly because of gene recombination caused by repeat of sequences,although the mechanism is not known.The biosafety of recombinant viral vectors is also discussed.\;