千岛湖湖泊区水体季节性分层特征研究

Study on Seasonal Characteristics of Thermal Stratification in Lacustrine Zone of Lake Qiandao

千岛湖是典型的亚热带人工深水水库.为了解水库的物理特征,于2011年对水库温度、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、浊度、有效光合作用辐照强度(PAR)和叶绿素a的季节动态和垂直分层结构进行分析,探讨水库水体季节性分层特征.结果表明,千岛湖水库表层水温在10.4～32.7℃,在4～12月间出现水体分层现象,在夏季形成明显分层,是典型的亚热带单混合水体.水温分层结构对DO、pH值、浊度、PAR和叶绿素a的垂直剖面变化有一定的影响作用.水体溶解氧出现显著的分层现象,且温跃层内DO浓度较低,冬季底层溶解氧出现暂时周期性缺氧;浊度在温跃层内达到最大值,其表层大小主要受降水的影响;叶绿素a含量表层含量较高,且温跃层以下水深维持较低水平,这说明水体分层对水库水质的变化起重要作用.此外,水体光合作用最强处在5～10 m左右,此深度适合藻类生长,这为分析千岛湖水体蓝藻暴发取样和分析提供了依据.

Lake Qiandao is a typical subtropical man-made reservoir in China. The investigation on the seasonal and vertical dynamics of water temperature, dissolved oxygen （DO）, pH value, turbidity, photosynthetic available radiation （PAR） and chlorophyll a was conducted in 2011 in order to find out the physical characteristics of Lake Qiandao. The average surface water temperature ranged from 10.4 to 32.7℃. A monomictic thermal stratification was observed in Lake Qiandao, initiating in April and lasting until December. The results showed that thermal stratification had influences on vertical distribution of DO, pH value, turbidity, PAR and chlorophyll a. Very strong stratification of DO was found, inducing lower oxygen concentration in the thermocline layer and temporal hypoxia in the bottom water. The maximum turbidity was found in the thermocline layer and the precipitation affected the surface turbidity value. Moreover, the chlorophyll a concentration was higher in the surface water and lower in the bottom water as found in this study, implying that water quality was affected by stratification. Besides, the maximum photosynthesis rate and algal growth rate were found at the depth 5-10 m below the water surface. Therefore, the results can provide theoretical support for the sampling and analysis of algal blooms in Lake Qiandao.