农药企业场地苯系物污染风险及调控对策

Risk Assessment and Countermeasure of BTEX in Pesticide Factory

苯系物是一类重要的环境污染物,可通过呼吸道、消化道和皮肤进入人体而产生危害,其毒性主要表现在对人体致畸、致突变和致癌等方面.以河北省某农药企业为例,采用吹扫捕集气质联用、固体吸附/热脱附-气相色谱和EPA健康风险评价模型,对场地内苯系物的分布及人体健康风险进行了综合分析,并据此提出相应的风险调控对策建议.结果表明,厂区内土壤、灰尘、空气、地下水及废水中均不同程度检出苯系物,生产区内灰尘中苯系物含量较高(7.33 mg.kg-1),其中甲苯的含量(5.64 mg.kg-1)超过了加拿大工业用地标准.设定10 a、20 a、30 a这3个工作年限情景,相应的总非致癌危害指数分别为4.19×10-3、8.25×10-3和1.22×10-2,均小于1;苯的致癌危害指数依次是1.70×10-7、3.34×10-7和4.92×10-7,小于10-6,表明该企业场地苯系物对职工尚没有造成明显的致癌和非致癌风险,但是随着工作年限的增加,职工受到健康危害的风险程度加大.基于研究结果,提出了厂区环境质量改善和人员安全防护的风险对策建议.

BTEX are important environmental pollutants, harmful to human through respiratory inhalation, digestive tract and skin contact, and also have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. BTEX were detected in multi-media to identify their distributions and assess their human health risk in a pesticide factory in Hebei province. Purge and trap GC-MS, adsorption/thermal desorption GC chromatography and the health risk assessment model were applied, and corresponding management measures were proposed. The results showed that BTEX existed in soil, dust, air, groundwater and wastewater. The concentration of BTEX in dust of the production area was 7.33 mg·kg-1, in particular the concentration of toluene was 5.64 mg·kg-1, exceeding the Canadian industrial land standard. Building three scenarios for working more than 10 years, 20 years and 30 years, the total non-carcinogens index was 4.19×10-3, 8.25×10-3 and 1.22×10-2, respectively, all lower than 1; the carcinogens index of benzene was 1.70×10-7, 3.34×10-7 and 4.92×10-7, respectively, all lower than 10-6. It indicated that there was no significant non-carcinogens and carcinogens hazard to workers inside the factory, but they might be exposed to more health risks if their work experience increase. Finally, recommendations for improving the environmental quality and personnel security in the factory were proposed based on the research results.