丘特切夫的宗教思想及其诗学意义

Tyutchev’Religious Ideas and Its Poetic Significance

东正教对丘特切夫的影响是复杂的、有所变化的,具有独特的诗学意义。其宗教思想,大约分为三个发展时期:泛神论时期,宣称自然是有生命的有机体,试图体认自然本体,与大自然合为一体,歌颂现世生命,赞美人的创造性,力求活得充实,有所作为;转折期,从泛神论转回到东正教,试图在东正教的旗帜下,让俄罗斯统一整个斯拉夫民族,进而以宗法社会的道德和东正教的自我牺牲及忍让精神来战胜资本主义西欧自私自利的个人主义,拯救西方乃至世界;信仰时期,由谢林的同一哲学完全转向神学形而上学,承认上帝是世界的创造者,其真理具有权威性乃至惩罚性,以寻求根本的解救之道,并且认为爱才是拯救世界的法宝。

The influences of Eastern Orthodox on Tyutchev are intricate and poetically significant. His religious ideas can be divided into three periods, namely pantheistic period, transitional period and theological metaphysical period. In the first period, Tyutchev takes the nature as the living organism and identifies its ontological identity, therefore life and human creativity are eulogized. During the second period, his conversion from pantheism to Eastern Orthodox makes him believe that it is up to the Russian people to unify Slavic nations so that patriarchal morality and Orthodoxical self-sacrifice will take the advantage over the selfish individualism of the capitalism. In the third period, he transforms from Schelling＇s Identity Philosophy into theological metaphysics, believing that God is the Creator of the world whose truth is authoritative and punitive and to love is to save the world.