青藏高原关键区域土地覆被变化及生态建设反思

Land cover changes in the key regions and self reflection on ecological construction of the Tibetan Plateau

青藏高原独特而敏感的生态系统,是中国生态安全屏障的重要载体,也是区域经济发展的必要基础。生态建设是生态文明的需求,也是社会经济可持续发展的保障。由于青藏高原内部自然条件差异显著,各区生态功能及区域问题也不尽相同,生态建设亟需因地制宜地提出建设与保护的对策和措施。本文从生态系统的主要功能、脆弱程度、变化趋势及面临风险等特征,辨识出阿里西部、那曲中南部、三江源地区和三江并流区等4个生态建设的关键区;并在分析各区环境和生态特征与土地覆被变化及其原因的基础上,提出了稳定和提升青藏高原生态安全屏障功能的措施与建议,对于高原生态安全屏障保护与建设具有重要的参考价值。

The Tibetan Plateau is an important ecological security shelter zone for China. The unique and sensitive ecosystems of the plateau are main supports for its ecological shelter function and the basis for regional economic and social sustainable development. As for the large plateau, each district has its own ecological function and regional problems due to the regional differentiation in natural conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to take proper measures for ecological construction and protection according to local conditions. This paper identified four key areas for ecological construction： western Ngari, central and southern Nagqu, source region of three rivers （the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and Lancang River） and the region of three parallel rivers （Nujiang River, Lancang River and Jinsha River） according to the integrated analysis of main functions, fragile degree, changing trend and risk characteristics of ecosystems. Some suggestions and measures were put forward to stabilize and to promote ecological function, based on regional ecological system characteristics, land cover changes and their driving factors. These suggestions could be very useful to protect and restore ecological security shelter function.