分子标记及其在生态学中的应用

Molecular Markers and the Application in Ecology

自 6 0年代发现等位酶 (allozyme)标记 ,70年代迅速发展 ;80年代出现DNA标记技术 ,至今仍是方兴未艾 ,形成了包括RFLP (restrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphism)、VNTR(variablenumbertendomrepeats)、RAPD (randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA)在内的一系列分子标记技术。为解决生态学的个体识别、亲缘关系鉴定及种群间的遗传分化等问题提供了有力的武器。分子标记技术与生态学的结合 ,诞生了一门全新学科———分子生态学。

Allozyme markers were found in 1960s and applied in biology broadly in 1970s. Some 30 years later, we have rich and varied literature in which allozyme data have been used to address questions dealing with local mating patterns, fine scale structure within populations. From early 1980s, DNA markers emerged and spread out quickly. Now, the using of molecular markers such as RFLP(restriction fragment length polymorphism),VNTR(variable number tendom repeats),RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNA) in ecology are very popular,and so the molecular ecology comes into the world.