“命”与“语”:上博简《吴命》补释——兼论“命”的文体问题

“Ming " (命)and “Yu" (语): Further Annotations of the “Wu Ming" (吴命) Notes from Shanghai Museum Bamboo Slip Collection: with a Study of the Style of “Ming" (命)

上博简《吴命》篇是研究春秋末年吴楚争雄的重要资料。是篇并非外交辞令的汇抄,也不是战斗檄文,而是一篇有残缺的告劳之辞。其中有关州来之争、吴救陈的记载是《国语·吴语》所没有的内容。春秋时期,"命"作为一种文体,所载的内容为诸侯国君的辞语。使臣多以衔君命自重,故而外交辞令称为"命"。"命"应该从属于"列国之语"。"吴命"应该属于原始的"吴语",是《国语·吴语》的史料来源之一。

＂Wu Ming＂ （吴命） in Shanghai Museum bamboo slips is important material for the research on struggle for hegemony between State of Wu （吴） and Chu （楚） in late Spring and Autumn Period. The au- thor argues that ＂Wu Ming＂ （吴命） is a statement in which Wu stated their achievements to the king of Zhou （ 周 ）, rather than diplomatic languages or fighting speech. In the Spring and Autumn Period, being a kind of type of writing, ＂ Ming＂ （命） is the word of vassal kings. Diplomatic language is usually called ＂ Ming＂ that should belong to ＂Yu＂ （语） of various states. ＂Wu Ming＂ should be subject to the primitive ＂Wu Yu ＂ （吴语） , which is one of the historical data sources of Guo Yu · Wu Yu （ 国语·吴语）.