复杂运动技能两侧性迁移的试验研究

Experimental Research on Bilateral Transfer of Complex Motor Skill

以篮球运球技能为试验任务,探讨运动技能两侧性迁移的方向问题以及不同练习方案对两侧同利性运动技能学习效果的影响。40名被试随机分为左手练习组、右手练习组、先左后右手练习组和先右后左手练习组学习篮球运球技能,通过练习前测试、练习后10 min保持测试、练习后24 h保持测试和迁移测试综合评价4种练习方式的学习效果。结果显示:(1)与练习前测试相比,练习后4组被试运球技能均显著提高;(2)10 min保持测试、练习后24 h保持测试和迁移测试中,右手操作绩效显著好于左手;(3)10 min后保持测试和24 h后保持测试中,先左后右手练习组操作绩效显著好于另外3组,左手练习组显著好于右手练习组和先右后左手练习组;(4)迁移测试中,先左后右手练习组操作绩效显著好于另外3组,先右后左手练习组和左手练习组显著好于右手练习组。研究结果表明:篮球运球技能存在两侧性迁移,迁移的方向是由非优势手向优势手迁移;左右手不同的练习方案对篮球运球技能的学习有影响,先左后右手交替练习的学习方式有利于篮球运球技能的掌握。

Using basketball-dribbling skill as experiment task,the direction and different practice methods on bilateral transfer of complex motor skill were studied.40 participants were divided into four groups,left-hand practice only,right-hand practice only,right-to-left hand group and left-to-right hand group.All participants were respectively given 10-minute delayed retention test,24-hour delayed retention test and transfer test.The results indicated that：（1）all participants performed better in 10-minute delayed retention test,24-hour delayed retention test and transfer test than pre-experiment test;（2）in 10-minute delayed retention test,24-hour delayed retention test and transfer test,performance of right hand was better than left hand;（3）in 10minute delayed retention test and 24-hour delayed retention test,performance of the left-to-right group was better than the other groups,and performance of the left-only group was better than the right-only group and the right-to-left group;（4）in transfer test,performance of the left-to-right group was better than the other groups,and performance of the right-to-left group and the left-to-right group was better than the right-only group.It is concluded that the direction of bilateral transfer in basketball-dribbling skill learning is from left hand to right hand,and the practice schedule of non-dominant hand and then switched to dominant hand was helpful to learn the basketball-dribbling skill.