降解有机氯农药的微生物菌株分离筛选及应用效果

Isolation and selection of strains used to degrade organic chlorine pesticides and application effects

以有机氯农药 ( 666、DDT)作为唯一碳源的Tonomura培养基分离筛选后 ,得到降解 666(BHC)的主要菌株有 15 3号 (芽孢菌属Bacillus)、411号 (无色杆菌属Achromobacter)和 5 12号 (假单孢菌属Pseudomonas) ,其对 666总量的降解率分别为 5 9.6%、5 6.9%和 5 6% ,对 β 666的降解率分别为 5 5 .9%、5 7.6%和 5 6.9% .降解DDT的主要菌株有 :2 88号 (产碱杆菌属Alcaligenes)、410号和 411号 (均为无色杆菌属 ) ,其对DDT总量的降解率分别达 5 9.0 %、47.5 %和 45 .1% ,对PP′ DDT的降解率为 5 9.9%、5 7.6%和 49.6% .将这些分离出的菌株制成复合菌剂 ,应用于盆栽试验和田间试验 ,所得到的降解效应类似于纯培养试验 ,表明田间应用复合菌剂 。

With the organic chlorine pesticides (666, DDT) as sole carbon resources, three strains, No.153 ( Bacillus ), No.411 ( Achromobacter ) and No.512 ( Pseudomonas ), which can degrade 666 (BHC), were isolated and selected in Tonomura culture medium. The degradation rates of these strains were 59.6%, 56.9% and 56.0% for total amount of 666, and 55.9%, 57.6% and 56.9% for β 666, respectively. The other strains, No.288 ( Alcaligenes ), No.410 and No.411 ( Achromobacter ) to degrade DDT were also obtained. The degradation rates of the strains were 59.0%, 47.5% and 45.1% for total amount of DDT, and 59.9%, 57.6% and 49.6% for PP'-DDT, respectively. The degradation effects of the mixtures of the isolated strains in pot and field experiments were similar to those of the pure culture, indicating it is a feasible measure to apply the mixture of strains to degrade residual pesticides in fields.