镜头像差对图像画质影响的解析与对策

The Effects of Lens Aberration on the Image Quality

镜头像差是图像画质无法逾越和回避的一种光学现象.19世纪末随着影像记录载体的日臻成熟,20世纪全新的数字化感应器的诞生和应用,对光线捕获能力的高品质摄影镜头就成为图像品质追求的标准.因此,对于镜头像差的研究及控制则成为光学镜头开发的重点.通过对球面像差、畸变像差、色像差、像场弯曲、像散和彗形像差等基本光学现象的形态、结构、原理以及它们对影像画质的影响进行解析,其意义在于正确认识镜头像差,在摄影实践中能够合理地运用和掌控像差给画面带来的特殊"视觉效果",而不是追求所谓的"极致镜头"、"完美影像"等违背科学的观点.因为,光学基本原理决定了光学像差是无法消除,同时像差对画质的影响更是无法逾越的障碍.

Lens aberration is an optical phenomenon insurmountable for image quality. With the development of image recording carrier in the late 19th century and the birth and application of the brand new digital sensor in the 20th century, photographic lens featuring high - quality light capture has been recognized as the canon of image quality. Therefore, the study and control of lens aberration has become the focus of the optical lens development. In this paper, the form~ structure, and principles of the basic optical phenomena, such as spherical aberration, distor- tion aberration, chromatic aberration, curvature of field, astigmatism and coma aberration and their effect on image quality are analyzed. The aim is to get a sound understanding of lens aber- ration and to give a proper treatment of the special ＂visual effects＂ caused by image aberration rather than pursue the so- called ＂superlative lens＂ or ＂perfect image＂ which may he against scientific principle. To sum up, according to the optical principles, the optical aberration can- not be avoided just as the effect of aberration on the image quality is insurmountable.