杭州市湿地水鸟的分布与多样性研究

The Distribution and Diversity of Wetland Waterbirds in Hangzhou

1 997年 1 2月至 1 998年 1 1月 ,对杭州市区 6类湿地中水鸟的分布、密度和多样性进行了调查 ,结果显示 ,全年共有水鸟 38种 ,群落的组成季节变化较大 ,且以迁徙种类为主 ;留鸟为少数城市适应种 ,而迁徙鸟主要分布在郊区和郊外 ,很少深入城区 ;整个杭州市区全年水鸟的多样性波动不大 ,密度在秋冬季较高 ,但各类湿地水鸟的密度和多样性季节变化较大 ;水产养殖场是杭州市水鸟最重要的栖息地类型 。

The distribution,density and diversity of waterbirds on6kinds of wetlands in Hangzhou were surveyed between December in1 997and November in1 998.3 8species were recorded all year,and most of them were migrants.The community assemblage changed greatly between seasons.5resident species showed adaptability to urban envi- ronments,while migrants distributed mostly to the areas of suburb and environs and in- frequently to the city zone.The species diversity atall the wetlands in Hangzhou fluctu- ated little all year round,the density was higher in autumn than that in other seasons. Nevertheless,the diversity and density at each kind of wetland fluctuated greatly.The aquafarm was the most important waterbird habitat in Hangzhou,and the West Lake and the pond area were also important in maintaining the diversity and density of water-birds in Hangzhou.