全球治理背景下的中等强国概念再定义

Redefining Middle Power in Global Governance

在全球治理的理论和实践中,中等强国的作用和地位正引起学者们越来越多的关注。一般而言,中等强国身份的界定必须建立在对国家实力(权力)的评估之上。部分知名学者对与中等强国概念界定关系密切的国家软权力和硬权力进行了较为深入的研究,并对国家权力进行了分级。由于软权力的抽象性和难以量化的特点,学界至今提出一个接受度相对高的中等强国概念,在概念的界定和使用上,显得比较随意。在全球治理日益深入发展的背景下,对中等强国再定义具有重要的学理意义。通过分析和借鉴关于中等强国概念的现有研究成果,可以将中等强国界定为具有强大区域性影响力,对世界经济政治具有系统重要性,在外交政策践中一般不谋求超级大国地位,在国际事务中坚持多边主义,主张合作与对话,对自己的国家实力"中等"地位比较认同的国家。

An increasing number of scholars recognize that Middle Power（MP） plays more and more important roles in global governance.On the basis of assessment of national power which consists of hard power and soft power,some scholars have conducted in-depth studies on MP concept.However,there is not a commonly-accepted definition of MP which is partly because of illegibility and difficulties of grading nation’s power.This paper argues that in most cases MP’s attributes and preferences are as follow： MP usually is an influential state actor in the region where it is geographically located;MP is systematically important for world politics and world economy;In its foreign policies,MP dose not aim to seek for a dominant position in global system like a superpower usually does;Instead,MP prefers to solve international issues including global issues through multi-bilateral dialogues and co-operations.Last but not the least,MP usually identifies its own status as middle in international economic and political system.