甘蓝型油菜长角果变异体的遗传研究

Studies of the Inheritance of a Long-pod Mutant in Brassica napus L.

用在中国发现的甘蓝型油菜长角果变异体的优良后代“鄂油长角”及短角果品种“中油821”为亲本 ,研究了角果长及与角果长密切相关的两个性状———千粒重和每果粒数的遗传。结果表明 ,角果长、千粒重、每果粒数3个性状受核基因控制 ,不存在任何形式的母性遗传。供试双亲间角果长性状存在2对基因的差异。长角果对短角果为显性。数量遗传分析表明 ,角果长、千粒重的遗传符合加性显性二基因互作模型 ,存在显著的上位性效应。角果长性状在两个基因座上呈联合分布,显性效应均大于加性效应 ,且存在超显性。千粒重性状以加性效应为主。

Eryou long pod,which was derived from the unique long pod mutant discovered in China,was crossed with the commercial broad rapeseed cultivar Zhongyou 821.From the crossing six basic generations were generated for studying the genetical behaviors of pod length and two related characters i.e.1000 seed weight and seed number per pod.The results showed that the three characters were governed by nuclear genes.The difference in pod length between two parents was related to two loci.Generation mean analyses revealed that the 6 parameter mode was to interpret the inheritance of the characters studied and the epistasis was significant.Pod length mainly showed association of its genes and highly significant dominant effect,and even superdominant effect too.Meanwhile,additive effect was predominant in 1000 seed weight.