摘要
通过对西双版纳地区的6个“龙山”片断热带雨林与同样类型的原始热带雨林的比较研究,探讨了片断热带雨林的群落结构、种类组成、生活型构成、种群结构、植物丰富度及多样性等的变化及其规律。随着热带雨林的片断化,森林边缘效应和人为干扰加剧,热带雨林群落的结构变得不完整,植物丰富度降低。在生活型构成上,附生植物,大、中高位芽植物以及地上芽植物比例减少,藤本植物和小高位芽植物比例明显增高。在种群结构上,受轻、中度干扰的片断雨林,仅含1~2个个体的种类在群落中的相对数量有所增加,乔木种类组成变得不稳定,随着人为干扰的加剧,那些仅有1~2个个体为代表的种类将首先消失。在单位面积种数和物种多样性指数上,情况比较复杂,热带雨林片断化和受到一定干扰可能会增加藤本植物多样性指数,但干扰过度又会减低其多样性指数,附生植物多样性指数则随干扰和隔离时间呈明显下降趋势,但总的说来,片断热带雨林单位面积上的种数远比原始林少得多,随着人为干扰和隔离的加剧,物种多样性指数显著降低。
Based on a comparison of fragmented and primary tropical rain forests in Xishuangbanna, the effects of fragmentation on structure, species composition, life form, tree populations, plant abundance and species diversity of the tropical rain forest are analyzed. With increasing fragmentation, edge effects and disturbances, fragments become different from the primary rain forest in various ways. Compared with the primary forest, the fragments were incomplete in community structure, lower in plant abundance and species diversity, and showed a relatively lower percentage of epiphytes and chamaephytes but a conspicuously higher percentage of lianas. In the fragments with slight to inter mediate disturbances, tree populations of only 1 or 2 individuals make an increasing percentage of the total, indicating that the populations of many tree species have become more unstable. In the fragments with serious disturbances, tree species with only 1 or 2 individauls present disappeared first. As the fragments in Xishuangbanna formed and developed under strong human impact, their species diversity shows complicated changes. Liana species diversity increased with a certain extent of disturbances, but decreased when over disturbed. Species diversity decreased in general with increasing disturbance.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第5期560-568,共9页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
云南省基金!(96C122M
98C096M)
中国科学院"九.五"重大项目!(KZ951-A-104课题)
中国科学院百人计
关键词
片断热带雨林
群落结构
西双版纳
生物多样性
Rain forest fragments, Community structure, Species composition, Species diversity, Xishuangbanna