几种新型生物芯片的研究进展

Advancement of Several New Types of Biochip.

随着生物芯片技术的迅速发展 ,一些新型生物芯片 ,如生物电子芯片、凝胶元件微阵列芯片、药物控释芯片、毛细管电泳或层析芯片、PCR芯片及生物传感芯片等应运而生 ,这些芯片不同于常规的分子微阵列芯片 ,而是以各种结构微阵列为基础 ,用于分子杂交与扩增 ,以检测突变、分析多态性及测序 ,通过电泳及层析分离生物样品 ,控制药物释放以治疗疾病 ,作为生物传感器检测分子行为等 ,具有分析速度快、效率高、样品消耗少等特点 。

With the development of biochip techniques , several new types of biochip, such as bioelectronic chip, gel element microarray chip, drug controlled release chip, capillary eletrophoretic or electrochromatographic chip, PCR chip and biosensor chip, had sprung up. These biochips, which were different from typical molecular microarrays such as DNA chip, were based on the microarray of various structures, and have successfully applied to analyze DNA mutations, polymorphisms and sequences, to separate mixtures and monitor biomolecular interactions. Because analyses on these chips have many advantages such as quick detection, high efficiency, little sample consumed and low cost, they will become novel tools in the field of life science and medicine.