汉日主语位移现象比较

Subject Motion in Chinese and Japanese

主语的位移现象在日语和汉语中都有出现,但二者是有区别的,汉语主语具有"前移"和"后移"两种情况,而日语主语位移只有"后移"一种情况;从位移定义要素上看,汉日语发生位移的主语都可以原样回到原来的位置而意义不变,并且句子的表达重心在前移成分上;从形式上看,汉日语移动后的主语与陈述部分之间一般有适当停顿,书面上用逗号隔开,口语上有一定的语音停顿,且语句重音在前移部分上,后移部分轻读;在形式标志上,日语中充当主语的词汇或词组一般都要后加"が""は""の""も"等表示主格的助词或副助词,汉语中的主语同谓语的关系主要由语序来决定,主语大都相对固定在句首。但无论是汉语还是日语,句末语气词都不会出现在后半部分,而是紧跟在前移部分之后。

From the perspective of syntactic structure,subject is placed in the front part,predicate in the back,just as modifier and the modified in both Japanese and Chinese sentences.However,in reality,not all the sentences are organized according to the rule.Subject,predicate,object,compliment and modifier can be reversed or displaced thus changing the word order,which is called displacement.It has been concerned very much in Chinese,and some scholars have analyzed it from syntax,rhetoric,and pragmatics.But in Japanese,it is seldom studied,not to mention subject displacement.Consequently the essay tries to compare and contrast subject motion in Japanese and Chinese in order to explore the sentence structures and rules and expand the researches.