认识他者 回归自我——中俄文化交流背景下的鲁迅与冈察洛夫

Lu Xun and Goncharov in the Context of Cultural Exchanges between China and Russia

俄国19世纪文学家冈察洛夫(ИвáнАлексáндровичГончарóв)是一位终身从事国民性批判的作家,他对中国国民劣根性和中国落后就要挨打的现实有清醒的认识。同样,毕生从事国民性批判的中国作家鲁迅对俄国文学也一直都特别关注。但是,他们的态度同中有异。对于俄国文学,鲁迅是本着虚心学习的友好态度而将之拿来的。而在冈察洛夫的眼里,中国只不过是个腐朽落后的民族,他对中国的关注是希望俄国能以之为鉴,抛弃自身落后性以跻身世界强国之列。他们都为中俄文化之间的互补、互证、互识做出了一定的贡献。

Goncharov , a famous writer in the 19th Russian literary arena devoting his whole life to national character criticism, was clear about the Chinese national inherent weakness and the reality that China＇s backwardness would mean exposure to invasion. Similarly, Lu Xun, a Chinese writer en- gaged in national character criticism all his life, had always paid special attention to Russian literature. However, their attitudes are different, for Lu Xun tried to learn from Russian literature in a friendly manner; while in Goncha- roy＇ s view, （~hina was just a decayed and backward nation and his attention to China aimed to expect Russia to be- come a member of world powers by taking China as a warning and discarding its own backwardness. Anyhow, both Lu Xun and Goneharov have made some contributions to the mutual complementation, reflection and awareness be- tween Chinese and Russian cultures.