温度对中华鳖胚胎发育和初生幼体形态特征及活动能力的影响

Effects of Different Temperature on Embryonic Development, Hatchling Traits and Hatchling Moving of Trionyxsinensis

本文在5个不同孵育温度下对中华鳖胚胎发育、孵化周期、初生幼体形态特征及活动能力进行了研究。孵化温度设置为（23±0.5）℃、（26±0.5）℃、（29±0.5）℃、（32±0.5）℃、（35±0.5）℃,每一温度指标下设置3个平行组,每组30枚卵。孵化介质为蛭石,湿度为6%。结果显示,胚胎的发育速度随着孵化温度的升高而加快,所用的孵化时间也越来越短。孵化累积温度CTUs在23℃时最高,随着温度的升高,累积温度依次降低;孵化率在29℃时最高,达到83.3%,26℃为80%,32℃为43.3%,23℃为11.1%,35℃为0。温度对稚鳖形态特征的影响比较显著,29℃孵出幼体的体质量最重、背甲最长,与26℃孵出差异不显著,与32℃差异显著,和23℃差异极显著;26℃孵出幼体背甲最宽,与其它三组差异极显著,但其它三组之间差异不显著;23℃孵出幼体体重、背甲长和宽都是最小的。温度对新生幼体运动表现的影响差异显著,23℃孵出的初生幼体活动能力最差,与其它3组差异显著,其它3组之间差异不显著。26~29℃是生产实践中比较适合的孵化温度。

The research aimed to study the effects of different temperature on embryonic development, hatchling period, hatchling traits and hatchling moving of Trionyxsinensis. Eggs were divided into five groups （30 eggs per group） and incubated under five different temperatures, such as （23±0.5）℃, （26±0.5）℃, （29±0.5）℃, （32±0.5）℃, （35±0.5）℃. The hatchling medium was vermiculite and humidity was 6%. The embryonic development rates increase and incubation time decreases as the temperature rise at the five different temperatures. Cumulative temperature units （CTUs） （degree·hours） decrease as the temperature rise at the five different temperatures. At （9±0.5）℃and （26±0.5）℃, embryonic survival rate was 83.3%and 80%, but only 43.3%at （32±0.5）℃and with 11.1%at （23±0.5）℃as well as 0 at （35±0.5）℃. The result indicted that the effect of different temperatures on hatchling traits was significant. At （29±0.5）℃, body mass and carapace length of hatchling were the largest, and in comparasion with （32±0.5）℃and （23±0.5）℃, the difference was significant, but not include （26±0.5）℃. At （23±0.5）℃, the body weight, carapace length and width were the least. The effect of different temperatures on swimming performance of hatchling was significant, at （23±0.5）℃, the swimming performance of hatchling was the worst, while there was no difference between other groups. In conclusion, the optimal temperature of Trionyxsinensis incubation is likely to be 26℃and 29℃.