呼伦贝尔草地野生禾本科牧草生态地理区系研究

Study on the ecological and geographical flora of wild gramineous grass in Hulunber steppe

通过野外实地考察对呼伦贝尔草地野生禾本科牧草的区系组成、生长习性及属种地理成分进行了调查与分析.结果表明:呼伦贝尔草地现有禾本科牧草42属112种,其中93种为多年生草本,说明多数牧草具有抗寒冷、再生能力强的特点,且适应能力强、分布范围广;在植物区系属的水平上,温带成分占有主要地位;在种的水平上,北温带成分、旧世界温带成分、亚洲温带成分占较大比例.这种区系格局,不仅表现出禾本科野生牧草的物种多样性,而且对种质资源本土化和改良草场,草原地区牧草资源的保存、繁育与合理利用等各方面都具有重要意义.

Gramineous grasses are important forage plants in Hulunber steppe,with high forage value and good palatability.Based on investigation and analysis on flora composition,growth habit and geographical component of genus and species,it was found that there were 112 gramineous species,including 93 perennial grasses.The species belonged to 42 genus and they had high cold resistance,regrowth capacity,adaptability and large distribution range.For the flora components,temperate component dominated at the general level,and at the species level,north temperate,old-world temperate and Asia temperate had higher proportion.This pattern showed species diversity of wild gramineous species,which played an important role in the localization of germ plasm resource,grassland improvement,and conservation,breeding and rational utilization of grass resource in grassland.